
Families face a parenting storm. The ideal family comprises a father and mother, yet a father or mother may do parenting single-handedly. Parenting prepares children for holistic lives: mental, social, physical, and spiritual. The storm arises from globalisation, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), and socioeconomic and political changes. The changes result in homeless, refugee, and ghettos living children. Parents work away from home, and thus, nannies and teachers take over parenting roles. Although there are various parenting mechanisms: parent to parent, online reading materials, government, and public support, these mechanisms do not meet individual parental contexts. Therefore, parenting styles and practices should lead to a holistic life. This chapter discusses parenting styles and practices for the twenty-first century. Hence, the authors concur with Dobson’s view that parenting is for the brave to manage diverse contextual opportunities and challenges.
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