
Pumped storage systems (PSS) is the largest worldwide battery system to store excess energy and manage the balance between electricity consumption and production. Using the Francis turbine as a turbine or pump makes the development of PSS feasible and economically accepted. Pumped storage is classified as low-, medium-, and high-head power plants. It needs two separate vertical reservoirs. In the case of using the sea as a lower reservoir, we reduce the construction cost and improve the system viability by an illimited reservoir. The coastline line areas are suitable for implementing these systems with very interesting altitudes (up to 400 m). The erosion due to the seawater depends on velocity distribution in the blade-to-blade section from the hub to the shroud section. For the pump, the erosion rate is as high as the trailing edge where the absolute velocity is high.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
