The microbial community employed as biocatalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFC) play a crucial role in degradation of organic substances and bioelectricity generation. While degradation of organic matters and electrical current generation in MFC technology is predominantly depend on metabolic activities of electroactive bacteria such as Geobacter and Proteobacteria, these bacteria engage in mutual interactions with non-electroactive counterparts within the microbial community. These mutual interactions can modify system performance, which is widely depended on operational conditions, the source of the initial microbial inoculum, substrate diversity and system’s components. Consequently, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of the ecological behavior of microbial communities under diverse conditions to optimize system efficiency. Numerous research studies have delved into the microbial communities under varying circumstances, and the objective of this research is to elucidate the distinctions among microbial communities and investigate the factors that impact their composition.