Non-typhoidal Salmonella is the primary foodborne zoonotic agent of salmonellosis in many countries. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections are transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods from animal origin, whereas S. Typhi and Paratyphi infections are spread directly or indirectly by contact with an infected person. Quinolones exhibit potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella and are usually the first choice of treatment for life-threatening salmonellosis due to multidrug-resistant strains. However, by the early 1990s, quinolones have been approved for use in food-producing animals. The increased use of this group of antimicrobials in animals has led to the concomitant emergence of quinolone-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella strains. However, in some countries, there are no legal provisions, which apply to veterinary drugs. This situation provides favorable conditions for spread and persistence of quinolone-resistant bacteria in food-producing animals. The objective of this chapter is to review the current regulatory controls for the use of quinolones in food-producing animals, its effect on the development of quinolone resistance, and the potential impact on human and animal health. Moreover, this chapter reviews the current knowledge of quinolone resistance mechanisms and the future directions of research with particular attention to the strategies to control the emergence of quinolone-resistant Salmonella.

Non‐typhoidal Salmonella is the primary foodborne zoonotic agent of salmonellosis in many countries. Non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections are transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods from animal origin, whereas S. Typhi and Paratyphi infections are spread directly or indirectamente by contact with an infected person. Quinolones exhibit potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella and are usually the first choice of treatment for life‐threatening salmonellosis due to multidrug‐resistant strains. However, by the early 1990s, quinolones have been approved for use in food‐producing animals. The increased use of this group of antimicrobials in animal has led to the concomitant emergence of quinolone‐resistant non‐typhoidal Salmonella strains. However, in some countries, there are no legal provisions, which apply to veterinary drugs. This situation provides favorable conditions for spread and persistence of quinolone‐resistant bacteria in food‐producing animals. The objective of this chapter is to review the current regulatory controls for the use of quinolones in food‐producing animals, its effect on development of quinolone resistance, and the potential impact on human and animal health. Moreover, this chapter reviews the current knowledge of quinolone resistance mechanisms and the future directions of research with particular attention to the strategies to control the emergence of quinolone‐resistant Salmonella.

Non‐typhoidal Salmonella is the primary foodborne zoonotic agent of salmonellosis in many countries. Non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections are transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods from animal origin, whereas S. Typhi and Paratyphi infections are spread directly or indirectly by contact with an infected person. Quinolones exhibit potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella and are usually the first choice of treatment for life‐threatening salmonellosis due to multidrug‐resistant strains. However, by the early 1990s, quinolones have been approved for use in food‐producing animals. The increased use of this group of antimicrobials in animal has led to the concomitant emergence of quinolone‐resistant non‐typhoidal Salmonella strains. However, in some countries, there are no legal provisions, which apply to veterinary drugs. This situation provides favorable conditions for spread and persistence of quinolone‐resistant bacteria in food‐producing animals. The objective of this chapter is to review the current regulatory controls for the use of quinolones in food‐producing animals, its effect on development of quinolone resistance, and the potential impact on human and animal health. Moreover, this chapter reviews the current knowledge of quinolone resistance mechanisms and the future directions of research with particular attention to the strategies to control the emergence of quinolone‐resistant Salmonella.

Non-typhoidal Salmonella is the primary foodborne zoonotic agent of salmonellosis in many countries. Non‐typhoidal Salmonella infections are transmitted to humans primarily through consumption of contaminated foods from animal origin, whereas S. Typhi and Paratyphi infections are spread directly or indirectly by contact with an infected person. Quinolones exhibit potent antibacterial activity against Salmonella and are usually the first choice of treatment for life‐threatening salmonellosis due to multidrug‐resistant strains. However, by the early 1990s, quinolones have been approved for use in food‐producing animals. The increased use of this group of antimicrobials in animal has led to the concomitant emergence of quinolone‐resistant non‐typhoidal Salmonella strains. However, in some countries, there are no legal provisions, which apply to veterinary drugs. This situation provides favorable conditions for spread and persistence of quinolone‐resistant bacteria in food‐producing animals. The objective of this chapter is to review the current regulatory controls for the use of quinolones in food‐producing animals, its effect on development of quinolone resistance, and the potential impact on human and animal health. Moreover, this chapter reviews the current knowledge of quinolone resistance mechanisms and the future directions of research with particular attention to the strategies to control the emergence of quinolone-resistant Salmonella.

السالمونيلا غير التيفودية هي العامل الحيواني المنشأ الأساسي الذي ينقله الغذاء لمرض السالمونيلا في العديد من البلدان. تنتقل عدوى السالمونيلا غير التيفية إلى البشر في المقام الأول من خلال استهلاك الأطعمة الملوثة من أصل حيواني، في حين تنتشر عدوى S. Typhi و Paratyphi بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر عن طريق الاتصال بشخص مصاب. تظهر الكينولونات نشاطًا قويًا مضادًا للبكتيريا ضد السالمونيلا وعادة ما تكون الخيار الأول لعلاج داء السالمونيلا المهدد للحياة بسبب السلالات المقاومة للأدوية المتعددة. ومع ذلك، بحلول أوائل التسعينيات، تمت الموافقة على استخدام الكينولون في الحيوانات المنتجة للغذاء. أدى الاستخدام المتزايد لهذه المجموعة من مضادات الميكروبات في الحيوانات إلى ظهور سلالات السالمونيلا غير التيفية المقاومة للكينولون. ومع ذلك، في بعض البلدان، لا توجد أحكام قانونية تنطبق على الأدوية البيطرية. يوفر هذا الوضع ظروفًا مواتية لانتشار واستمرار البكتيريا المقاومة للكينولون في الحيوانات المنتجة للغذاء. الهدف من هذا الفصل هو مراجعة الضوابط التنظيمية الحالية لاستخدام الكينولون في الحيوانات المنتجة للغذاء، وتأثيره على تطور مقاومة الكينولون، والتأثير المحتمل على صحة الإنسان والحيوان. علاوة على ذلك، يستعرض هذا الفصل المعرفة الحالية بآليات مقاومة الكينولون والاتجاهات المستقبلية للبحث مع إيلاء اهتمام خاص لاستراتيجيات التحكم في ظهور السالمونيلا المقاومة للكينولون.