
doi: 10.5772/56531
Over the last decades, environmental concerns have become more critical and frequent. Thisis, mainly, due to population growth and the increase of industrial activities in which anthro‐pogenic actions have reached catastrophic proportions resulting in changes of soil, air, andwater quality [1].Environmental pollution by industrial effluent is being characterized as one of the major causesof the aggravation of this problem. Residues, in general, produce diversified compounds,containing, frequently, pollutants that are toxic and resistant to conventional treatments suchas coagulation/flocculation or biodegradation [2], and they are eventually discharged, in mostof the cases, in an inadequate way causing severe damages. Regarding the environmentalproblem, researchers were driven to study the feasibility of new techniques and methodolo‐gies, as well as, the emission and pollutant discharge control. In order to apply the pollutioncontrol and to attend environmental legislation, patterns and quality indicators were estab‐lished. In terms of water quality: oxygen concentration, phenols, Hg, pH, temperature, amongother requirements [3].Companies search for new environmental alternatives to treat generated residuals. Theenvironmental reality is demanding for further actions to mitigate industrial impacts on water.Therefore, water treatment has become a mandatory investment to industries, institutions, andothers with the aim to attending environmental laws, as well as ISO 14000 series.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 3 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
