The skeletal muscle is a very heterogeneous tissue, that is in charge of a broad range of functions such as movement, stability, heat production and cold tolerance. It represents approximately 50% of total body protein, and plays a central role in whole body metabolism (Bassel-Duby & Olson, 2006). In the last two decades, the skeletal muscle, previously considered as a mere protein reservoir, has been shown to release cytokines and other humoral factors (Pedersen & Febbraio, 2008). This tissue plays a pivotal role in the overall energy balance. Indeed, it regulates lipid flux, takes up and stores most of plasma glucose, and modulates insulin sensitivity. In this regard, the skeletal muscle likely plays a crucial role in pathological states characterized by peripheral insulin resistance such as obesity, as also suggested by recent evidence showing the occurrence of a cross-talk between muscle and the adipose tissue (reviewed in Clarke & Henry, 2010).