Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) has long been known as the primary vector of human and simian malaria parasites in southern and southeastern Brazil (Deane et al., 1970; 1971; Rachou, 1958). Between 1930 and 1960, An. cruzii together with Anopheles (Kerteszia) bellator and Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus were considered the main vectors of malaria once endemic in southern Brazil. Vector control has reduced or even interrupted malaria transmission in some areas, but An. cruzii is still responsible for several oligosymptomatic malaria cases in southern and southeastern Brazil. This mosquito is also a vector of simian malaria in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo States (Deane et al., 1970). Studies on seasonal and vertical distribution of An. cruzii demonstrated high vertical mobility from ground level to tree tops and this behavior could be responsible for human infection by simian Plasmodium species (Deane et al., 1984; Marrelli et al., 2007; Ueno et al., 2007).