Cells have rigorous mechanisms controlling sister chromatid cohesion during cell division to ensure proper distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. Errors in these mechanisms often lead to aneuploidy, frequently implicated in cell death, tumour development and infertility. The main actor in this process is a four-protein complex called the cohesin complex. The role of cohesin complex in chromosome segregation is mediated by the formation of a ring-like structure, which entrapped replicated DNA. The dynamic of the cohesin ring is regulated by a still undetermined number of cohesin-interacting proteins. These cohesin-regulators were essentially identified and studied in relation with the cohesion function of cohesin complexes. In the last years, we have improved our understanding of the key players in the regulation of sister chromatid cohesion during cell division in mitosis and meiosis. During meiosis the formation and disassemble of synaptonemal complex (SC), the recombination between homologue chromosomes and the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion until metaphase II anaphase II transition require unique features and players participating in the control of chromosome segregation. While in mammalian mitosis there are essentially two cohesin complexes, which only differ in the STAG subunit (STAG1 or STAG2), in meiosis several cohesin complexes composed by specific and unspecific meiotic cohesins coexist and probably they develop different functions depending of their spatio-temporal chromosome localization. On the other hand, a correct control of chromosome cohesion in meiosis involves specific regulators that monitor the sequential cohesin release during both meiotic divisions. Recently excellent papers have appeared in the literature looking in depth on the molecular control of sister chromatid cohesion and cohesins in cell division. In this chapter, we review the implication of cohesins and cohesin-interacting proteins in meiosis-specific processes and chromosome dynamic. Furthermore due to the increasing relevance of cohesins in human syndromes, we briefly point how problems in their tasks during mammalian mitotic and meiotic cycle drive to pathological situations.