Investigation results of the gas and aerosol air composition over megapolisis are of great interest for the ecology and climate theory. In Moscow statistical regularities can developed from the monitoring data obtained at the Moscow network of automatic stations monitoring air quality (SEI “Mosecomonitoring”). Alternative data are limited essentially. Monitoring data received in 2003 – 2004 have been analyzed partly in (Gorchakov et al., 2006). Hydrocarbon concentration variations have been studied comprehensively (Gorchakov et al., 2009a). Statistical analysis of the aerosol mass concentration (PM10) variations in 2004 was carried out (Gorchakov et al., 2007). Carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides concentration profiles in the urban boundary layer according to the data of Ostankino TV Tower measurements during the winter described in (Gorchakov et al., 2009b). Week – long cycle of the air pollution in Moscow was treated in (Gorchakov et al., 2010c). Statistical prediction possibilities of the air pollution in Moscow were analyzed (Gorchakov et al., 2010a, 2010b, 2010c). Moscow faces a severe atmospheric pollution problem during the smoke haze episodes determined by the forest – peatbog fires (Gorchakov et al., 2003, 2004). Such episodes occurred in July – August 2010. The objective of this chapter is to characterize comprehensively concentration variations of gaseous impurities and aerosol mass concentration (PM10, PM2.5) variations in Moscow. In particular the air pollution in the smoky atmosphere is concerned. Monitoring system is described in section 2. Temporal variability of the gaseous species of the concentration is discussed in section 3. The results of the statistical analysis are presented in section 4. Aerosol mass concentration variations have been considered in section 5. Section 6 is devoted to the air pollution in the urban boundary layer. The air pollution in the smoky atmosphere is outlined in section 7. Meteorology and the air pollution influence on the health are discussed briefly in section 8. The main results are stated in section 9.