The present chapter deals the basics of ultrasonic wave generation and its detection. After that the theoretical and experimental techniques for the determination of ultrasonic properties have been discussed. The formulation of direction dependent ultrasonic velocity and its experimental measurement techniques are detailed for the understanding of mechanical properties in solids. The Different mechanisms responsible for the ultrasonic attenuation in solid material are explained to recognize the several properties of materials. Later on, the study of ultrasonic parameters in different structured materials like fcc, bcc, hcp, hexagonal, glasses, superconductors, nano-materials etc. and in nanofluids/ferrofluid is carried out. The whole study provides a short view of ultrasonic wave and its application to material characterization.