This study analyzes the implementation of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the challenges of applying IHL in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It examines the Force Intervention Brigade’s role under R2P, the attribution of IHL violations among the UN, troop-contributing states, and the DRC, as well as available remedies for victims. A key contribution is the interpretation of UN Security Council Resolution 2098, which created the Brigade within MONUSCO and supports all three R2P pillars. The book also explores reparation mechanisms, proposing innovations such as a victim compensation fund that links reparation with prevention and post-conflict reconstruction as central to R2P.