1. COMPOSITION OF EXPERTS AND STAKEHOLDERS GROUPS 6 -- 1.1. COMPOSITION OF THE GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT GROUP 6 -- 1.2. COMPOSITION OF THE STAKEHOLDERS GROUP 8 -- 1.3. COMPOSITION OF THE KCE EXPERT TEAM 9 -- 2. INITIAL INTERVENTIONS PROPOSED FOR THE SCOPE OF THE GUIDELINE 10 -- 3. SEARCH STRATEGIES FOR GUIDELINES 12 -- 4. QUALITY APPRAISAL OF 17 SELECTED GUIDELINES 13 -- 5. QUALITY APPRAISAL OF THE NICE GUIDELINE 15 -- 6. EXAMPLE OF LIME SURVEY 18 -- 7. SUMMARY SHEETS 22 -- 7.1. CLINICAL EXAMINATION 22 -- 7.2. RISK ASSESSMENT AND STRATIFICATION 26 -- 7.3. IMAGING 40 -- 7.4. SELF-MANAGEMENT 51 -- 7.5. EXERCISE THERAPIES 64 -- 7.6. POSTURAL THERAPIES. 109 -- 7.7. ORTHOTICS AND APPLIANCES 116 -- 7.8. MANUAL THERAPIES 122 -- 7.9. ACUPUNCTURE 164 -- 7.10. ELECTROTHERAPIES 172 -- 7.11. PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS 195 -- 7.12. MULTIDISCIPLINARY BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION (MBR) PROGRAMS 210 -- 7.13. RETURN TO WORK PROGRAMMES 231 -- 7.14. PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS 244 -- 7.14.1. General issues 244 -- 7.14.2. Specific points of discussion for NSAIDs 256 -- 7.14.3. Specific points of discussion for paracetamol 268 -- 7.14.4. Specific points of discussion for opioids 274 -- 7.14.5. Specific points of discussion for antidepressants 289 -- 7.14.6. Specific points of discussion for anticonvulsants 292 -- 7.14.7. Specific points of discussion for muscle relaxants 294 -- 7.14.8. Specific points of discussion for antibiotics 295 -- 7.14.9. Specific point of discussion for oral methylprednisolone 296 -- 7.15. SPINAL INJECTIONS 297 -- 7.16. RADIOFREQUENCY DENERVATION FOR FACET JOINT PAIN 313 -- 7.17. EPIDURAL INJECTIONS FOR RADICULAR PAIN 333 -- 7.18. SURGERY AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS 360 -- 7.19. DISC REPLACEMENT 366 -- 7.20. SPINAL FUSION 376 -- 7.21. SPINAL DECOMPRESSION FOR RADICULAR PAIN 387 -- 8. EXTERNAL REVIEW. 400