As democratically elected institutions responsible for nearly half of total public expenditure, Spanish regional governments participate in the policy analysis process and generate their own information and technical knowledge about policy problems. In this chapter, we focus on Spanish regional governments as policy analysts in a context of increasing state intervention, greater decentralization and growing policy complexity. The chapter analyses this greater demand for policy analysis at the regional level in the light of the territorial distribution of powers between the center and the periphery; the historical and administrative legacy of the Spanish administrative system; the role of regional government in some basic policy areas of welfare, and the localization of the 2030 Agenda in two regions: Catalonia and the Basque Countries.