❙ABSTRACT❙ Transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel with a preference for calcium ions that is able to sense a vast range of endogenous physical and chemical stimuli and plays an important role in transducing the sensations of noxious heat and pain signaling. Recent studies showed that TRPV1 is widely expressed in different tissues and organs beyond the sensory nerves and has multiple biological effects that are involved in functional regulation in the pancreas, blood vessel, adipose tissue and liver. To further understand the link between TRPV1 and cardiometabolic diseases, we reviewed the role of TRPV1 in hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. This review provides new insights into the involvement of TRPV1 channels in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders and implicates this channel as a potential therapeutic target for the management of cardiometabolic diseases. (J Korean Soc Hypertens 2011;17(2):37-47)