Biodiversity (= biological + diversity) is a term concerning the most prominent general feature of the living world – its variability, at all levels of variation (individuals, species, communities). The name and notion of biodiversity has come into wide use during last decades of the the past century. According to the reliable observations, the actual biodiversity on our planet is endangered primarily by different consequences of expansion of human activities. Science is discovering a number of facts regarding disappearance of biological forms, there are estimates that the number of species is decreasing at 1000 to 10 000 higher rate compared to previous periods of evolution. Biodiversity as a most conspicuous actual problem of the humanity is the subject of a series of international documents and actions. Protection of biodiversity is among the most serious preoccupations of the global community, because of its importance in the protection of human environment. Scientific knowledge is the indispensable for conceiving and bringing into existence activities to secure survival and quality of life of the whole nature, including humanity.