Nanotechnology involves design and development of organic and inorganic materials at the nanoscale, with tailor-made physical, chemical and biological properties. Widely studied application of nanotechnology includes molecular biology techniques of genetic modification of crops. Bacteria may form biofilms by self-assembly (e.g. the formation of Curli-film by E. coli). The formation of aerial hyphae by the bacteria and fungi and the formation of the virus capsids result from the controlled assembly of the building blocks at nanoscale. There is a broad range of applications of nanoscience on several areas of microbiology, such as the study and visualization at the molecular-assembly levels of a process. It facilitates identification of molecular recognition and self-assembly patterns as well as the evaluation of these processes. © SGEM2013 All Rights Reserved by the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM.