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Diseño institucional y neoliberalismo. El modelo chileno como resultado del quiebre unilateral del contrato social

Authors: Baez Urbina, Francisco Alberto;

Diseño institucional y neoliberalismo. El modelo chileno como resultado del quiebre unilateral del contrato social

Abstract

El presente artículo intenta definir el sentido de los procesos de rediseño institucional ocurridos sobre la sociedad chilena en los últimos treinta años, basados en lo que denominamos descolectivización y que han sido operados sobre lo constitucional, la propiedad estatal y el funcionamiento de la economía privada. Sostenemos que el problema de la descolectivización en Chile proviene del rompimiento unilateral del contrato social entre clases ocurrido a mediados de la década de 1970. Como recurso metodológico, se expone el contrato social, mecanismo institucional previsto para corregir la tensión entre intereses individuales y resultados sociales, y la figura del forced rider o consumidor forzado de bienes públicos. Esto, con el fin de intentar ilustrar las restricciones y la contención de beneficios que la matriz sociopolítica desarrollista —el modelo de capitalismo embridado o reformado— imponía sobre el capital entre las décadas de 1940 y 1970, lo que provocó que la élite rompiera unilateralmente con el contrato democrático y generó las condiciones para imponer un nuevo diseño institucional, esta vez más restrictivo y antidemocrático. Como resultado y discusión, se exponen sucintamente una serie de consecuencias observables que el diseño institucional neoliberal habría comportado, tanto en el terreno político como en el económico y cultural. Todas son consecuencias que vienen a confirmar las conjeturas teóricas que sostienen que el rediseño institucional neoliberal significa un proyecto de clase que viene a destruir los logros del proyecto político de la alianza de las clases medias y bajas propios del desarrollismo nacional popular.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Neoliberalisme, acción colectiva, Public policy, Neoliberalism, Social Sciences, Polítiques públiques, Neoliberalismo, Inequity, HM401-1281, H, Desigualdad, democracia, Políticas públicas, Democràcia, Sociology (General), Chile, Collective action, desigualdad, Democracia, Acción colectiva, Xile, Democracy, neoliberalismo, políticas públicas, Desigualtat, Acció col·lectiva

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold