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Teorías sobre la figura del emprendedor

Authors: Brunet Icart, Ignasi; Alarcón Alarcón, Amado;

Teorías sobre la figura del emprendedor

Abstract

Este artículo tiene por objetivo exponer el mapa conceptual de una investigación en que nos interrogamos acerca de los factores que han contribuido históricamente a que en España predomine una estructura empresarial dominada cuantitativamente por la pequeña y mediana empresa, en detrimento de una estructura de tamaño superior, considerando que esta situación empresarial ha sido contemplada como una desventaja competitiva, por limitar la productividad, dificultar la presencia en mercados exteriores, la financiación ajena, y repercutir negativamente en las inversiones en investigación y desarrollo. Dado este contexto, nos planteamos cómo y por medio de qué recursos, determinados empresarios han logrado desarrollar proyectos empresariales innovadores. Por otra parte, podemos considerar que en el estudio de la función empresarial hay dos perspectivas o ejes teóricos. El primero, que llamamos «perspectiva individual», caracteriza al empresario, ya sea por lo que hace o por unos determinados rasgos psicológicos específicos. El segundo, que denominamos «perspectiva estructural», caracteriza al empresario por factores del entorno, de carácter institucional, social, sectorial, cultural e ideológico-político. Sin embargo, consideramos que el estudio de la función emprendedora y la creación de empresas es deficiente si únicamente se toman en cuenta los rasgos de personalidad y de comportamiento de los empresarios individuales, así como exclusivamente los factores estructurales. This paper explains the conceptual frameworek of a research where we were looking at the factors that have favoured a entrepreneurial experience dominated by small and medium enterprise instead of a bigger structure, considering the fact that this structure has been seen as a competitive disadvantage that limits productivity, makes more difficult the transfer to external markets, the financing, and has a negative impact on Research and Development. Therefore, we were looking at how certain entrepreneurs have managed to develop innovative projects. On the other hand, we consider two perspectives on management studies. The first one characterises the businessman according to specific psychological traits. The second one, known as structural perspective, describes factors as derived from environment, from institutional, social, cultural, or ideologically based factors. We conclude that the study of the entrepreneurial function and the creation of companies is deficient if only structural or individual factors are taken into account.

Country
Spain
Keywords

creación de empresas, espíritu empresarial, empresario, Social Sciences, Empresario, HM401-1281, Espíritu empresarial, H, Creation of companies, Businessman, Sociology (General), Entrepreunership, Creación de empresas

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    19
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
19
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
Green
gold