Lagenaria siceraria (LS), more commonly referred to as ‘bottle gourd’, is a type of vegetable that is widely cultivated and has several properties that have potential medical applications. The purpose of this review article is to provide a general summary of the pharmacological activities of L. siceraria that have been reported in a variety of investigations. The literature search was carried out by using a variety of databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, along with keywords that were pertinent to the topic. This paper provides a concise summary of what is currently known about the pharmacological capabilities of L. siceraria, including its anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity. This study alsomakes recommendations for the paths of future research. In conclusion, L. siceraria has shown a great deal of promise as a source of naturally occurring bioactive chemicals that have the potential to be exploited in the production of innovative pharmaceuticals as well as functional foods.