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Regulating the trafficking of the unfolded protein response (UPR) reporter ATF6

Authors: Tungkum, Wanida;

Regulating the trafficking of the unfolded protein response (UPR) reporter ATF6

Abstract

The activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) is one of the three membrane proteins, which responds to misfolded protein induced stress, in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). During ER stress, ATF6 dissociates from BiP, an ER chaperone, then transports to the Golgi apparatus where ATF6 undergoes proteolytic processing by site 1 protease (S1P) and site 2 protease (S2P). Up until now, the dissociation of BiP from ATF6 is reported to be the key factor that regulates the trafficking of ATF6 from the ER to Golgi in the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, our study suggests that the ATF6-BiP complex disassembly is not the only factor which controls ATF6 migration when cells get induced ER stress by standard inducers like dithiothreitol (DTT) and thapsigargin (TG). To identify the ATF6 protein complex, the stable cell-lines of the non-trafficking mutants ATF6α, D564G and Y567N, were created and compared with the wild type ATF6α. From our studies, the ATF6α mutants show specific characteristics, distinctively from the wild type ATF6α, which are likely to affect the ability of ATF6 to bind with other proteins and to form disulfides. The results of mass spectrometry indicate numerous proteins which seem to be interacted with ATF6 along with BiP such as 14 3-3E, Neudesin, TFG and ERdj3. Unfortunately, we can only properly investigate ERdj3. We investigated the interaction of ERdj3 protein with ATF6 by immunoisolation and western blot; the results show that ERdj3 interacts with ATF6. Subsequently, the lipotoxic stress inducers, dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and dihydroceramide (DHC), were used to induce ER stress and ATF6 pathway since it was reported that lipotoxic stress upregulates ATF6 differently compared with the mechanism of proteotoxic stress. However, the results from our study with the wild type ATF6α cell-line show that DHS and DHC did not upregulate the ATF6 stress response as previously reported. Taken together our results define the interactome of ERlocalised ATF6α and suggest a role for ERdj3 during the ER stress response.

Country
United Kingdom
Related Organizations
Keywords

QH301 Biology, QR Microbiology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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