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Educar en valores cívicos y éticos, la competencia ciudadana de la Ley 3/2020 y su potencial para la libertad ideológica y religiosa, ¿más allá de la controversia?

Authors: José Daniel Pelayo Olmedo;

Educar en valores cívicos y éticos, la competencia ciudadana de la Ley 3/2020 y su potencial para la libertad ideológica y religiosa, ¿más allá de la controversia?

Abstract

Since the international community promoted, in the 2000s, an specific training based on the knowledge of fundamental rights and the institutions and rules of democratic citizen participation, its implementation in the Spanish educational system was no uncontroversial. The impact of this subject on the exercise of the fundamental right of freedom of thought, conscience and religion seems to us to be twofold: firstly, this freedom is part of the list of fundamental rights protected within our constitutional system and, therefore, would be one of its contents; secondly, the reaction of parents and guardians to the subject Education for Citizenship was justified by the presupposed potential risk of political or ideological indoctrination. Together with the opposing arguments, they demanded: a) an objective educational approach to fundamental rights and citizenship, removing from the curriculum aspects considered to be ethical-ideological and/or politically biased, such as emotional education, sex education or what they consider «gender ideology», etc.; and b) the exercise of the right to conscientious objection, alleging the violation of the right to ideological and religious freedom of parents and guardians, specifically their right to have their children receive moral and religious education in accordance with their own convictions. This paper aims to analyse how this issue is addressed in the new regulation of the right to education, Act 3/2020, of 29 December, amending Act 2/2006, of 3 May, on Education, not only from a curricular perspective, but also from the set of activities and learning processes and contexts developed for the exercise of fundamental rights, in general, and freedom of conscience in particular. For this purpose, we will study the historical legislative precedents, applying as a methodological criterion the three roles that fundamental rights and the rules of democratic coexistence have played and still play in the legal framework of the educational system: as formative curricular content, the object and purpose of the system and, finally, as principles of coexistence in educational Centres. Finally, we propose a short of conclusions that allow us to contribute our vision on the viability of the new regulation to face this task, as well as to identify some developments. Desde que en la década del 2000 la comunidad internacional impulsara la necesaria formación específica basada en el conocimiento de los derechos fundamentales y de las instituciones y reglas de participación ciudadana democrática, su plasmación en el modelo educativo español no ha estado exenta de controversia. Además, la apuesta por esta materia puede tener importantes consecuencias en el ejercicio del derecho fundamental de libertad ideológica y religiosa: en primer lugar, la libertad ideológica y religiosa forma parte de la relación de derechos fundamentales que se encuentran protegidos dentro del sistema constitucional y, por lo tanto, sería uno de sus contenidos; en segundo lugar, la reacción de los progenitores, tutores y curadores a la asignatura Educación para la ciudadanía venía justificada por el potencial riesgo de adoctrinamiento político o ideológico que le presuponen. Por ello, a este último respecto sus reivindicaciones se dirigían a requerir: a) un abordaje formativo objetivo de los derechos fundamentales y de la ciudadanía, eliminando de su concreción curricular aspectos considerados éticos-ideológicos y/o políticos sesgados, como la educación afectivo sentimental, la educación sexual o la considerada como «ideología de género», etc.; y b) la posibilidad de ejercer el derecho a la objeción de conciencia, alegando que esa materia suponía una vulneración de su derecho de libertad ideológica y religiosa, en concreto de su derecho a que sus hijos y /o pupilos reciban la formación moral y religiosa conforme a sus propias convicciones. En este estudio trataremos de analizar cómo se afronta esta cuestión en la nueva regulación del derecho a la educación, a Ley Orgánica 3/2020, de 29 de diciembre, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educación, no sólo desde una perspectiva curricular, sino también desde el conjunto de actividades, procesos y contextos de aprendizaje que son esenciales para el ejercicio y vivencia de los derechos fundamentales en general y de la libertad de conciencia en particular. Para ello, se estudiarán los precedentes legislativos históricos aplicando, como criterio metodológico, el análisis de las tres posiciones que los derechos fundamentales y las reglas de convivencia democrática han ido ocupado y ocupan en el desarrollo orgánico del sistema educativo: no sólo como contenido formativo curricular, sino también como objeto y fin del sistema y como parámetros de convivencia en los centros educativos. Para finalizar, se proponen una serie de conclusiones que nos permiten aportar nuestra visión sobre la viabilidad y motivos que se proponen en la nueva regulación para afrontar esta tarea, así como identificar algunas necesidades de desarrollo.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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