To compare the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes between women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) after endometrioma operation and women with DOR without ovarian surgery.This retrospective case-control study included 124 women aged under 40 and had DOR (serum anti-Müllerian hormone level <1.1 ng/mL or antral follicle count ≤6). They participated in fresh first and/or second IVF cycles between March in 2010 and December in 2015. Basal characteristics and IVF outcomes were compared between 47 cycles (32 women) with surgery-induced DOR and 119 cycles (92 women) with DOR without ovarian surgery.Basal characteristics were similar in both groups except that the median ages were lower in the surgery-induced DOR group compared to the DOR group without ovarian surgery. The data regarding the controlled ovarian stimulation and IVF cycle outcomes showed similar result in both groups. Also, clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were not different significantly between two groups.In the same condition of DOR, clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were not different significantly between two groups regarding etiology of DOR.