This document is part of the UNESCO Open Science Toolkit, designed to support the implementation of the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science. The aim is to build awareness of the opportunities and challenges in the adoption of open science hardware for more equitable, accessible science. This guide was created with input from (in alphabetical order by surname): Julieta Arancio (Drexel University, United States of America; Open Hardware Makers), Martin Häuer (Open Source Ecology Germany), Pen-Yuan Hsing (University of Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; and the Gathering for Open Science Hardware), Sarah Hutton (Internet of Production Alliance), Joshua Pearce (Western University, Canada), Tiffany Straza (UNESCO) and Emilio Velis (Appropedia Foundation). Reviewers included Ana Peršić (UNESCO) and Chris Erdmann (Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research). This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license. By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open- access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). Graphic design and typeset: Claudia Tortello and UNESCO.