Universal health insurance (UHI) schemes are a key policy approach for advancing universal health coverage in low- and middle-income countries. This publication presents a comparative overview of UHI schemes in ten countries, highlighting common design features and implementation approaches. By examining similarities and differences across country experiences, the analysis aims to identify broad patterns, challenges, and considerations relevant to the development and expansion of UHI schemes. The findings are intended to inform policymakers and practitioners engaged in the design and implementation of health insurance reforms in diverse contexts.