Aesthetic education, as an important component of education, plays a vital role in cultivating students' aesthetic awareness, aesthetic abilities, and humanistic qualities. With the acceleration of globalization and modernization, the demand for well-rounded, high-quality talent has increased, and the significance of aesthetic education in higher education has become more prominent. Currently, although general education plays a crucial role in higher education reform, many universities in China still face limitations in the design, content, and teaching methods of aesthetic education courses, necessitating systematic reform and innovation. This research aims to explore how to design aesthetic education courses within the framework of general education and to propose reform paths and strategies that meet the requirements of the new era. The research objectives include analyzing the current state of aesthetic education courses in universities both domestically and internationally, constructing a curriculum framework that meets practical needs, and suggesting innovative reform paths for aesthetic education courses. By employing methods such as literature analysis, case studies, comparative studies, and empirical research, this study aims to provide theoretical support and practical solutions for the reform of aesthetic education in higher education. The results of this study contribute to the enhancement and development of aesthetic education in general education systems and offer valuable insights for aesthetic education course design both domestically and internationally.