Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Early identification of high-risk populations and implementation of effective interventions are crucial for reducing their incidence and mortality risks. Traditional risk assessment indicators have certain limitations, while the triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TG-GBMI), as a relatively novel metabolic syndrome evaluation metric in recent years, integrates the triglyceride-glucose index with body mass index, offering advantages such as simple calculation and good reproducibility. This article systematically reviews the research on the TG-GBMI and its correlation with major CVDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension, heart failure, and stroke, aiming to provide references for early prevention, risk stratification, and clinical intervention of CVDs.