Vehicle - to - grid (V2G) technology, as the key to achieving bidirectional energy flow between electric vehicles and the power grid, has enormous potential in improving energy utilization efficiency and promoting the development of smart grids. However, its large-scale application faces many challenges, especially the impact on the power grid. This article comprehensively reviews the voltage fluctuations, frequency deviations, harmonic pollution, and load forecasting challenges caused by V2G technology in the power grid, and explores in depth the corresponding low power grid impact technology strategies. This article elaborates on the methods of reducing power grid impact through intelligent algorithm control (fuzzy control, model predictive control, neural network control).Research has shown that these strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages in addressing the impact of V2G technology on the power grid. In the future, V2G technology needs to further improve its standard system, enhance market acceptance, and continuously optimize low grid impact technologies to achieve efficient and coordinated development with the power grid.