With the depletion of coal resources, people began to mine deeper coal resources. In response to the special geological conditions of multiple coal seams, scientific and safe mining of deep coal seams has great practical significance and value. This article analyzes and studies the characteristics and laws of overburden failure caused by multi coal seam mining through physical simulation experiments in Majiazhuang coal mine with multiple coal seam occurrence conditions. The research results indicate that the failure of the overlying rock exhibits a "two zone" characteristic, that is, only the collapse zone and. The mining of multiple coal seams in overburden fracture zones will penetrate to the surface, disrupting groundwater circulation. Different mining thicknesses lead to different heights of overlying rock failure, and the greater the thickness of coal seam mining, the greater the height of overburden failure. The height of overburden damage caused by the mining process of the 15th coal seam runs through each coal seam and goaf to guide the surface.