Aiming at the characteristics of petroleum production accidents, such as high potential hazards, large economic losses and wide range of influence, in order to better formulate the accident risk management policy, it is necessary to have a deeper understanding of the reasons for the occurrence of accidents. By combing the accident investigation reports of the petroleum industry in recent years, we can effectively reduce the possibility of accidents by analyzing the direct and indirect causes of human-caused accidents based on the gray relation system from the human-caused aspect, identifying the main influencing factors and taking targeted preventive measures.