This paper discusses the development of liquid rocket fuel engine, fuels and fuel tanks structural design. From aerodynamic theory to experiment, both Tsiolkovsky's theoretical formula and Goddard's first test flight has made outstanding contributions. On this basis, the rocket can be truly utilized. The V-2 rockets from World War II, the various large rockets of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, as well as the modern reusable rockets, all had their different roles in different periods. In terms of fuel, the development from alcohol to kerosene to liquid oxygen and finally to liquid methane demonstrates the significance of reusable rockets in commercial spaceflight today. This is to achieve greater controllability and storage capacity. The aerospace fuel tank aims for lightweight and reusability. It features multiple layers of insulation and active cooling, and uses composite materials instead of metals to ensure the spacecraft's deep-space travel.