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Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
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Combating false information in Emergencies: Leveraging LLMs for Targeted False Information and Clarification Generation

Authors: Jiahong Lin;

Combating false information in Emergencies: Leveraging LLMs for Targeted False Information and Clarification Generation

Abstract

The rapid dissemination of false information during emergencies has become a significant challenge in managing online public opinion. While large language models (LLMs) have enhanced the speed and efficiency of information generation, they have also exacerbated the complexity of public sentiment by facilitating the spread of both false and clarifying information. This paper addresses the critical need for targeted clarification information to counteract false narratives during emergencies. We propose a novel approach by fine-tuning open-source LLMs to generate both false information and corresponding clarification texts, tailored to specific emergency scenarios and public opinion dynamics. By constructing a high-quality dataset of 1,715 paired false and clarification information samples from authoritative platforms, we employ a task-separated fine-tuning strategy using LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) to optimize model performance. Our evaluation metrics, including text fluency (BLEU), novelty (NOV), and diversity (DIV), demonstrate that fine-tuned models, particularly LLaMA3.1, excel in generating coherent and relevant texts. The results highlight the potential of LLMs in both generating and debunking false information, offering a robust framework for improving public opinion management during emergencies. This research contributes to the growing body of work on false information mitigation and provides practical insights for leveraging LLMs in crisis communication.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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