The “holy grail” of (object) learning has been to facilitate just-in-time learning of skills that is delivered in a manner that works best for the learner. That is, the right skills at the right time in the right way. To facilitate this “holy grail”, developers of learning would be able to develop content that could be customized, reused and transformed for delivery in different formats easily, efficiently and effectively. Learning objects provide the foundation for supporting this capability, and have the following characteristics: