The technique of molecular imprinting is the facile way to construct the specific recognition and catalytic sites in polymeric materials by using print molecules during polymerization. Recently, another molecular imprinting technique, which is called an alternative molecular imprinting technique, has been proposed. Contrary to the conventional imprinting technique, polymeric materials are converted into molecular recognition materials by adopting the alternative molecular imprinting technique. Molecularly imprinted polymers have been applied to separation materials, such as membrane materials, HPLC stationary phases, tailor-made catalysts, assay tools, recognition elements in sensors, and so forth.