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Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction: Methods and Applications

Rekonstruktion Anzestraler Sequenzen: Methoden und Anwendungen
Authors: Straub, Kristina;

Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction: Methods and Applications

Abstract

Ein Hauptziel bei der Erforschung der molekularen Evolution ist es, die Eigenschaften der anzestralen Proteine ​​aufzuklären und deren Anpassung durch Veränderungen in der Umwelt zu verstehen. Aufgrund des Mangels an makromolekularen Fossilien ist die Rekonstruktion anzestraler Sequenzen (ASR) die einzige Alternative, um Sequenzen für evolutionäre Vorläufer von vorhandenen Proteinen abzuleiten. In den letzten Jahren wurden anzestrale Proteine ​​für einen Zeitraum von mehr als 3 Milliarden Jahren abgeleitet. Anzestrale Proteine ​​aus Eubakterien, Archaeen, Hefen und Wirbeltieren konnten rekonstruiert werden. So lieferte ASR Einblicke in die frühe Geschichte des Lebens und die Evolution von Proteinen und makromolekularen Komplexen. Außerdem stellte sich heraus, dass ASR eine effiziente Methode für Proteindesign ist, da die rekonstruierten Sequenzen oft günstige Eigenschaften wie eine erhöhte Thermostabilität besitzen. Die Popularität und Wirksamkeit von ASR profitierte von Verbesserungen in der DNA-Sequenzierungstechnologie, dem enormen Anstieg der Computerleistung und der Verfeinerung von Algorithmen für Sequenz- und phylogenetische Analysen, die in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu beobachten waren. So stehen heute ausgearbeitete ASR-Methoden zur Verfügung, die auf eine Vielzahl von evolutionären Problemen angewendet werden können. Für eine ASR-Anwendung muss der Benutzer jedoch Vertreter aus einer überwältigenden Anzahl von Sequenzen auswählen, was keine triviale Aufgabe ist. Um die ASR-Technologie voranzutreiben und den Anwender zu unterstützen, konzentriert sich der erste Teil dieser Arbeit auf die Entwicklung eines standardisierten ASR-Protokolls und die Entwicklung eines neuartigen Filters zur Erleichterung der Sequenzauswahl. Im zweiten Teil wird ASR als Methode verwendet, um die Eigenschaften eines angestammten Enzymkomplexes aufzuklären und Protein-Protein Interaktions-Hotspots zu identifizieren.

A major goal in the study of molecular evolution is to elucidate properties of ancestral proteins and to understand their adaption induced by changes in the environment. Due to the lack of macromolecular fossils, ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) is the only alternative to deduce sequences for evolutionary precursors of extant proteins. Within the last years, ancestral proteins were inferred spanning a time-period of more than 3 billion years. Ancestral proteins from eubacteria, archaea, yeast, and vertebrates could be reconstructed. Thus, ASR yielded insights into the early history of life and the evolution of proteins and of macromolecular complexes. Moreover, it turned out that ASR is an effiecient method of protein design, because the reconstructed sequences often possess favorable properties like an increased thermostability. The popularity and efficacy of ASR benefitted from improvements in DNA sequencing technology, the enormous rise of computer power and the refinements of algorithms for sequence and phylogenetic analyses to be seen during the last decades. Thus, elaborated ASR methods are at hand nowadays that can be applied to a variety of evolutionary problems. For an ASR application, the user has however to pick representatives from an overwhelming number of sequences, which is no trivial task. To advance ASR technology and to assist the user, the first part of this thesis focusses on the design of a standardized ASR protocol and the development of a novel filter aimed at facilitating sequence selection. In the second part, ASR is used as a method to elucidate properties of an ancestral enzyme complex and to identify protein-protein interaction hotspots.

Related Organizations
Keywords

570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, anzestrale Sequenzrekonstruktion; Phylogenie; Proteindesign; Proteinevolution

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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