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Molecular analysis of adenylyl cyclase: Bacillus anthracis edema factor exotoxin

Molekulare Analyse der Adenylylcyclase: Das Exotoxin Edema Faktor von Bacillus anthracis
Authors: Mohammed, Hesham Hamada Taha;

Molecular analysis of adenylyl cyclase: Bacillus anthracis edema factor exotoxin

Abstract

Bacillus anthracis verursacht Milzbrand Krankheit und übt seine schädlichen Auswirkungen durch die Freisetzung von drei Exotoxinen aus, Lethal Faktor, Protective Antigen und Edema Faktor (EF), eine sehr aktive CaM-abhängige Adenylylcyclase (AC). Eine konventionelle antibiotische Behandlung ist jedoch unwirksam entweder aufgrund toxemia oder Antibiotikum- Resistenzen. Somit sind wirksamere Arzneimittel für anthrax Behandlung erforderlich. Es ist uns gelungen das rekombinante vollständige EF und EF3(F586A) aus E. coli aufzureinigen mit einem gereinigten besten Gleichgewicht zwischen hoher Reinheit und hoher Ausbeute des gereinigten Proteins zusammen mit Bewahrung der Aktivität. Wir haben gezeigt, daß EF durch verschiedene Mono- und Bis-(M)ANT-Purin- und Pyrimidin substituierte Nukleotide inhibiert werden kann mit der einzigartigen Präferenz für die Base Cytosin. Beide Mono- und Bis-(M)ANT-Purin- und Pyrimidin substituierten Nukleotiden inhibited EF kompetitiv. Propyl-ANT-ATP war potenter als MANT-ATP. Aktivierung des EF (resultierte in einem wirksamen Fluoreszenz Resonanz Energie Transfer (FRET) von Tryptophan- und Tyrosin-Resten, lokalisiert sich in der Nähe der katalytischen Tasche mit dem fluoreszierenden Nukleotid. Wir schließen daraus, daß die Nukleotidbindungstasche von EF geräumig ist und leicht die sperrigen-Bis-(M)ANT- substituierten Purin- und Pyrimidin-Nukleotiden aufnehmen kann. Längere Substitutionen mit aliphatischen Ketten an N-Position der ANT-ATP mag eine Erhöhung der Wirksamkeit der EF-Hemmung bewirken. Diese Daten bieten eine solide Grundlage für künftige Struktur/Aktivitäts-Beziehungs-Studien mit dem Ziel der Entwicklung potenter EF Inhibitoren mit hoher Selektivität bezogen auf mammalia ACs.

Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax disease and exerts its deleterious effects by the release of three exotoxins, i.e. lethal factor, protective antigen and edema factor EF), a highly active calmodulin-dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC). However, conventional antibiotic treatment is ineffective against either toxemia or antibiotic- resistant strains. Thus, more effective drugs for anthrax treatment are needed. We successfully purified the recombinant full-length EF and EF3(F586A) from E. coli with the best balance between the high purity and high yield of the purified protein together with retention of activity. We showed that EF is differentially inhibited by various Mono- and Bis-(M)ANT-purine and pyrimidine substituted nucleotides with the unique preference for the base cytosine. Both Mono- and Bis-MANT-nucleotides inhibited EF competitively. Propyl-ANT-ATP was more potent than MANT-ATP. Activation of EF by calmodulin resulted in effective fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from tryptophan and tyrosine residues located in the vicinity of the catalytic site to the fluorescent nucleotide. We conclude that the nucleotide binding site of EF is spacious and readily accommodates bulky Bis-(M)ANT-substituted purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Longer aliphatic chain substitution at N-position of ANT-ATP may increase the potency of EF inhibition. These data provide a solid basis for future structure/activity relationship studies aiming at the development of potent EF inhibitors with high selectivity relative to mammalian ACs.

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Keywords

500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik, ddc:500, Cyclonucleotide , Sekundärer Bote , Adenylatcyclase , Bakterien , Toxin , Exotoxin , Bacillus anthracis , Adenylylcyclase , bakterielle Adenylylcyclase-Toxine , Ödemefaktor , adenylyl cyclase , bacterial adenylyl cyclase toxins , edema factor

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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