Apoptosis is a complex mechanism that is involved at any stage during organism development or in cellular damage. It is triggered by specific external and internal factors such as ultraviolet radiation, hypoxia, growth factors, viruses, and bacteria, which activate the two main pathways: the extrinsic pathway, also known as the death receptor pathway, and the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Research on the apoptotic pathway has proven to be a highly effective method in the search for new therapies against cancer, which is a process of uncontrolled cellular growth and division. In this paper, I will review the main molecular apoptotic mechanisms and their connection in the process of oncogenesis, as well as the most innovative preparations whose mechanisms involve apoptotic pathways and modulators.