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Antibiotic Resistance

Authors: Gurudas Khilnani; Ajeet Kumar Khilnani;

Antibiotic Resistance

Abstract

Microbes are known to exist since antiquity. Many antibiotics are obtained from soil microbes (fungi and bacteria) and have been present in the environment long before humans started using them in clinical settings. Microorganisms have been naturally exposed to these bioactive products during evolution. Given the billions of years of co-evolution of antibiotic producing and antibiotic resistant organisms. Paul Ehrlich hypothesized “Magic Bullets” against microbes in 1900 and Salvarsan was the first antimicrobial agent used against syphilis in 1906 (Heynick, 2009). Domagk (1933) used prontosil and its metabolite sulphanilamide in infections (Otten, 1986). The Penicillin was discovered in 1928 and put to clinical use in 1940. Therefore, problem of antibiotic resistance (AR) is an ever-increasing menace to mankind (Petri, 2011). Antibiotic Resistance is an ever increasing public health problem which has evolved from environmental mixing of genes and is further aggravated by unrestricted use of antibiotics in livestock husbandry and poultry farming. Inappropriate use of antibiotics at all levels of health care delivery; poor sanitation and lack of awareness of seriousness of the AR are increasingly realized as modifiable factors.

Keywords

Microbes, Antibiotics, Public Health Problem, Antibiotic Resistance

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