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Factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio

Authors: Creagh-Cazull, Abel; Cazull-Imbert, Irayma; Márquez-Fernández, Antonio; Hernández-Heredia, Raúl; Delfino-Vega, Emilio Luis;

Factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio

Abstract

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la principal causa de muerte de la población mundial. Objetivo: identificar los factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio en el Hospital General Docente “Dr. Agostinho Neto”, durante el año 2017. Método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo analítico de tipo caso y control, en una población conformada por 90 pacientes con infarto. En el grupo caso se encontraron todos los pacientes fallecidos durante el ingreso (n=30) que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, mientras que el grupo control estuvo constituido por 60 pacientes que egresaron vivos, seleccionados al azar mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: la media de la edad fue mayor en el grupo de los casos 74,06 respecto a los controles, (p=0,021). El 86,6 % de los casos no recibió trombolisis y el 6,6 % tuvo algún criterio de reperfusión pos-estreptoquinasa (p=0,00). El 36,6 % de los casos presentó choque cardiogénico (p=0,003), ruptura cardíaca (30 %) (p=0,03), y taponamiento (23,3 %) (p=0,01). Conclusiones: los factores predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio son: la edad avanzada, el tiempo prolongado entre el inicio de los síntomas y la asistencia médica, la existencia de las complicaciones, tales como el choque cardiogénico, el taponamiento cardíaco y la ruptura cardíaca, así como la no administración de tratamiento trombolítico y la ausencia de reperfusión.

Keywords

factores predictivos de mortalidad; infarto agudo del miocardio; mortalidad hospitalaria

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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