Aphanothece cf. castagnei (Brébisson) Rabenhorst (1865: 64) (Figs. 1C–1E). Basionym: Oncobyrsa castagnei Brébisson in Kützing (1845: 9). Round to elongated, irregular colonies, 17.8–386.1 µm diam. Sheath gelatinous, hyaline to brownish, inconspicuous to conspicuous. Cells sparsely disposed, oblong to ellipsoidal, 3.8–5.9 × 2.6–3.8 µm, 1.4–2.0 times longer than wide. Cell content slightly granulated, greyish green. Habitat: —Wet rocks. Notes: —Morphologically, the studied population is very similar to Aphanothece castagnei. However, ecologically they are distinct and, according to Rabenhorst (1865), A. castagnei was found growing among submersed mosses, not on wet rocks as the present material. Studied material: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: Peruíbe, Ecological Station “Juréia-Itatins”, 24° 24.146’ S, 47° 3.648’ W, 15 August 2011, W.A. Gama-Jr., G.S. Hentschke, C.F.S. Malone & C.L. Sant’Anna (SP 427310); 24° 23.708’ S, 47° 7.324’ W, 17 August 2011, W.A. Gama-Jr., G.S. Hentschke, C.F.S. Malone & C.L. Sant’Anna (SP 427330).

Published as part of Jr, Watson Arantes Gama, Iv, Haywood Dail Laughinghouse & Sant'Anna, Célia Leite, 2014, How diverse are coccoid cyanobacteria? A case study of terrestrial habitats from the Atlantic Rainforest (São Paulo, Brazil), pp. 61-97 in Phytotaxa 178 (2) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.178.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5145178