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Difficultés D'implémentation Du SYSCOHADA Révisé Dans Les Entreprises Camerounaises

Authors: Aguynis Ninyum Pouomogne; Georges Wandji;

Difficultés D'implémentation Du SYSCOHADA Révisé Dans Les Entreprises Camerounaises

Abstract

L’objectif de cette étude est de faire une analyse critique de l’application des modifications introduites dans la réforme de l’Acte Uniforme portant Organisation et Harmonisation des Comptabilités des Entreprises (AUOHCE), afin de déceler les difficultés liées à leur application. Pour cela, nous avons fait une étude qualitative accompagnée des analyses documentaires sur 34 entreprises camerounaises. Celles-ci ont été retenues en tenant compte des critères comme la taille, le secteur d’activité, la cotation boursière et le rattachement à un centre d’imposition. Il a été question d’étudier les DSF de ces entreprises (102 DSF) avant et après la reforme l’AUOHCE. Au sortir de là, on note comme changement, la modification des éléments des états financiers à établir (normes IAS 1 et 7), la suppression des charges immobilisées, l’adoption de l’approche par composants (norme IAS 16), la distinction entre les frais de recherche et de développement (IAS 38) ... On note aussi un niveau d’implémentation très bas du SYSCOHADA révisé (11,11%). Les obstacles à l’application de ces changements sont liés aux facteurs d’ordre économique (taille et secteur d’activités des entreprises), financier (cotation en bourse), culturel (ouverture du capital) et fiscal. En réalité, les pays dans lesquels les normes internationales sont développées abritent les grandes entreprises cotées en bourse. À l’inverse, les entreprises camerounaises sont de très petite taille (pour la plupart appartenant au secteur tertiaire) et non cotées en bourse, dont les moyens financiers sont très limités. De plus, la fiscalité qui est très contraignante influence négativement certaines pratiques comptables. Ces différences contextuelles freinent donc l’application des modifications du SYSCOHADA révisé inspirées des normes IAS/IFRS. Il faut toutefois prendre des précautions pour la généralisation des résultats compte tenu de l’approche méthodologique retenue.

The aim of this study is to make a critical analysis of the application of the amendments introduced in the reform of the Uniform Act on the Organization and Harmonization of Business Accounts (UAOHBA), in order to identify the difficulties associated with their application. To do this, we did a qualitative study accompanied by semi-directive interviews and literature reviews on 34 Cameroonian companies. These companies were studied taking into account criteria like Company Size, Activity sector of the enterprise, stock exchange listing and company attachment to a Tax Unit. A study of the Statistical Tax Return (102 STRs) of these companies was made before and after the Reform of UAOHBA. At the end of this, we note as change, the modification of the elements of the financial statements to be drawn up (IAS 1 and 7), the elimination of fixed expenses, the adoption of the component approach (IAS 16), the distinction between research and development costs (IAS 38).There is also a very low implementation of the revised SYSCOHADA (11.11%). The obstacles to the implementation of these changes are related to economic (size and sector of activity of enterprises), financial (stock exchange listing), cultural (opening up of capital) and tax factors. In reality, countries where international norms are developed cover large enterprises that are listed in the stock exchange. Contrary to this, Cameroonian enterprises are of very small sizes (most belonging to the Tertiary sector) and not listed in the stock exchange, as such with very limited financial resources. In addition, the tax policy constraints negatively affect some accounting practices. These contextual differences, delay the application of the changes of the revised SYSCOHADA, inspired by the IAS/IFRS norms. Nevertheless, caution needs to be taken on the harmonization of results, with regards to the methodological approach hereby retained.

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Keywords

SYSCOHADA révisé, IAS-IFRS, Contingence, Implémentation, Difficulté

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