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In this article, we present the results of a systematic review covering two decades of articles in which the authors describe the application of deep learning techniques and methods to a problem or purpose in surgery. By browsing the Scopus and Medline databases, we searched, filtered and analyzed the content of 30 journal articles and encoded these resources using the recursive root theory method. We report summarizing the content of the article based on the main deep learning techniques discussed in the field of Plastic Surgery Applications, Resource Quality and Predictive Performance.