Introduction: Chronic gastritis is one of the common serious pandemic infections in developing countries with severe sequelae such as peptic ulcer or gastric ulcer, though the prevalence of chronic gastritis has markedly declined in developed population. More than half of the people are suffering from chronic gastritis globally at present. Helicobacter pylori infection in childhood is a major contributing factor of chronic gastritis, which microbial origin is a critical factor for understanding epidemiology and course of the disease. An aggressive inflammation due to gastritis can cause severe destruction of stomach mucosa in years (Atrophic gastritis) and increases the risk of gastric cancer. Thus, prompt early diagnosis and proper measures and treatment is the key to manage chronic gastritis.The aim of Work: The review aims to understand the course, etiology, and management of chronic gastritis.Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1985, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: Chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, Helicobacter pylori, peptic ulcer.Conclusion: Gastritis has a microbial origin and infectious background; chronic gastritis may occur in long course. With knowledge and epidemiology of H.pylori, it can be managed with well along with improvement in hygiene and socioeconomics. With such improvements risk of acquiring infection lessens and it may eradicate in future decades from medical practice, in most of the developed countries. Keywords: Chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, Helicobacter pylori, peptic ulcer.