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Preprint . 2026
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Closing Toupin's Gap: Why the Cesàro Regularization is Canonical for the Riemann Hypothesis

Authors: Maciel, Tiago Barbosa Dias;

Closing Toupin's Gap: Why the Cesàro Regularization is Canonical for the Riemann Hypothesis

Abstract

In a companion paper (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20548710), we computationally verified the key lemma of Toupin's 2025 proof of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) and identified the canonicality of the Cesàro regularization as the central open question. In this paper, we close that gap. We show that the Cesàro regularization is the unique regularization (among four natural candidates: Cesàro, Haar average, exponential damping, heat-kernel) that distinguishes sigma = 1/2 as a phase transition between 0 (below) and infinity (above), with value 1 at sigma = 1/2. We identify the mathematical principle that picks out Cesàro: it is the unique regularization that uses Lebesgue measure on multiplicative balls and is asymptotically homogeneous of the correct degree. We also connect the result to the Weil explicit formula. Computational verification at 50-digit precision is included.

Keywords

canonicality, Cesàro regularization, regularization theory, analytic number theory, Toupin 2025, Riemann Hypothesis, Weil explicit formula

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average