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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Topological Quantization in Field Topology Theory

Authors: Henderson, Iain Turnbull;

Topological Quantization in Field Topology Theory

Abstract

We propose that quantum discreteness and fermion statistics are not axiomatic impositions but geometric necessities emerging from the topology of the space of Lorentzian metrics. By analysing the fundamental group π₁(ℝP³) = ℤ₂, we apply the Finkelstein-Rubinstein theorem to derive half-integer spin and fermionic exchange statistics from first principles. To ensure these defects represent physical particles rather than coordinate artefacts, we employ rigid asymptotic framing to establish global diffeomorphism invariance — fixing the metric frame at spatial infinity breaks local diffeomorphism invariance just enough to protect the global topological charge. We identify Fleming’s two electromagnetic rules as frame-dependent perspectives of one geometric interaction, connecting FTT directly to Einstein’s 1905 derivation of special relativity. We show that Planck’s constant ℏ is the minimal symplectic flux of the 4D Lorentzian vacuum itself — preceding and determining the properties of any particle — and that the electron is the minimum stable topological defect costing exactly one ℏ unit of vacuum action. We utilise the geometry of the Clifford torus to derive the amplitude of the Koide mass formula, and demonstrate that FTT’s derivation of Standard Model gauge structure from 4D topological winding is strictly distinct from Kaluza-Klein theory, requiring no extra dimensions. Three unsolved problems are documented honestly.

Keywords

Fleming's rules, Lorentzian geometry, Koide formula, Planck's constant, Kaluza-Klein, asymptotic framing, Finkelstein-Rubinstein theorem, fermion statistics, Field Topology Theory, topological quantisation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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