The increasing advancement in quantum computing threatens the security of traditional cryptographic systems that underpin much of the modern world’s data protection. These systems rely heavily on the computational difficulty of problems like integer factorization (RSA) and elliptic curve discrete logarithms (ECC), which quantum computers could solve in polynomial time. As a result, there is an urgent need for cryptographic systems that remain secure even in the presence of quantum capabilities. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is the emerging field that aims to develop cryptographic protocols resistant to quantum-based attacks. This paper discusses the need for PQC, explores various candidate algorithms, reviews standardization efforts, and looks at the current challenges and future directions in the field.