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Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Irreducible Overhead Theorem: Why Exponential Cost Cannot Be Perfectly Conserved

A Kolmogorov Complexity Bound on Time-Parallelism Tradeoffs
Authors: Zelenka, David D.;

The Irreducible Overhead Theorem: Why Exponential Cost Cannot Be Perfectly Conserved

Abstract

We examine the tradeoff between time and parallelism in exact algorithms for NP-complete problems. While it is folklore that exponential parallelism can simulate nondeterministic search in polynomial time, this observation is often interpreted as permitting a perfect conservation of exponential cost. We show that such an exact tradeoff is impossible. For any exact algorithm deciding an NP-complete language, the product of time and parallelism must exceed the size of the nondeterministic search space by a constant factor. This irreducible loss arises not from physical constraints but from structural properties of computation: non-injectivity of verification, information erasure, and limits on compressibility. We formalize this loss via Kolmogorov complexity and prefix-free coding and prove the Irreducible Overhead theorem: exponential computational cost cannot be conserved exactly across time and parallelism.

Keywords

FOS: Mathematics, Complexity Theory, Mathematics, NP-complete

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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