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Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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22-Position Amino Acid Wheel Analysis Reveals Non_Random Distribution of Cancer Driver Mutations: A COSMIC Database Validation Study

Authors: MacDiarmid, Mary;

22-Position Amino Acid Wheel Analysis Reveals Non_Random Distribution of Cancer Driver Mutations: A COSMIC Database Validation Study

Abstract

ORCID: [Your ORCID ID] ABSTRACT Background: The genetic code comprises 22 amino acids (20 canonical plus Selenocysteine and Pyrrolysine). We hypothesized that arranging these amino acids in a circular wheel and classifying positions as "Prime" (positions 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19) or "Forbidden" (all others) would reveal non-random patterns in cancer mutation distribution. Methods: We analyzed 190,432 missense mutations from the COSMIC database (v103) across 17 major cancer driver genes. For each mutation, we determined whether the wild-type and mutant amino acids occupied the same category (Prime-to-Prime or Forbidden-to-Forbidden) or crossed categories (Prime-to-Forbidden or Forbidden-to-Prime). We performed 1,000 random simulations for comparison. Results: Of 190,432 mutations, 131,824 (69.2%) preserved their wheel category, compared to an expected 53.7% by random chance (Z-score = 136.0, p < 10⁻⁴⁰⁰⁰). Zero of 1,000 random simulations matched the observed pattern. We observed profound asymmetry: Forbidden-to-Prime mutations (19,389) were 2.0-fold rarer than Prime-to-Forbidden mutations (39,219; χ² = 6,709.5, p < 0.001). The rare F→P mutations include the most clinically significant mutations in cancer biology (IDH1 R132H, TP53 R175H, EGFR T790M). Conclusions: Cancer driver mutations exhibit highly non-random distribution on the 22-position amino acid wheel. Same-category preservation suggests fundamental constraints on viable amino acid substitutions. The asymmetric rarity of F→P mutations indicates strong selective pressure against mutations into Prime positions, with exceptions representing the most oncogenically powerful mutations. This framework may complement existing variant pathogenicity prediction tools. Keywords: cancer mutations, COSMIC database, amino acid wheel, variant pathogenicity, computational biology, genetic code

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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