Rheumatic Fever (ARF) is an autoimmune, nonsuppurative sequela of pharyngeal infection caused by Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS). It remains a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity in developing countries. This article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical stages, types, diagnostic methods (laboratory and instrumental), differential diagnoses, risk factors, preventive strategies, and treatment with recommended dosages.