This article explores the role of Uzbek literature in shaping national identity, particularly in the context of Soviet repression and the struggle for independence. The research highlights how literary figures such as Abdurauf Fitrat, Cho‘lpon, Oybek, G‘afur G‘ulom, and Maqsud Shayxzoda embedded themes of freedom, resilience, and self-awareness within their works, even in times of strict ideological control. The study also delves into how poetry and artistic expression served as a hidden but persistent force in preserving cultural heritage and fostering the spirit of independence. The findings suggest that literature not only reflected but also actively influenced national consciousness, ultimately contributing to Uzbekistan’s independence at the end of the 20th century