The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019 and quickly expanded around the world. SARS-CoV-2 was categorized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) as belonging to the beta-coronavirus (beta-CoV) genus, which also contains SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The World Health Organization (WHO) formally designated the illness Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on February 11, 2020. In recognition of COVID-19's extensive spread and detrimental effects on economies and public health, the World Health Organization designated it a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, precisely one month later. Unprecedented difficulties brought about by the epidemic included societal constraints, economic upheavals, and demand on the healthcare system. In response, governments and scientists around the world developed vaccines, implemented public health initiatives, and implemented containment measures. Even though the virus has been significantly reduced, COVID-19 still has an impact on international health regulations and epidemic preparedness plans.